Understanding CNC terminology

Whether you’re new to the industry, you’re trying to get to grips with some of the terms used on our website, or you’re simply looking for reputable CNC machining services, our A-Z list of common CNC machining terms is a great place to start.

CNC machining: A-Z glossary

Automatic Tool Changer

Sometimes referred to as an ATC, an automatic tool changer is a tool used to automate the tool changing process in a CNC machine. The ATC will choose a tool to match the task at hand without the need for manual operation.

Axis

The axis in CNC machining refers to a plane of motion in which the CNC machine operates on. This usually includes three axes: X axis, Y axis and Z axis. 5 Axis should be mentioned, we don’t (currently) do it though).

Computer Aided Design (CAD)

Often referred to as CAD, Computer Aided Design is a program that allows us to digitally design products for milling, 3D printing or rendering. CAD systems are extremely powerful pieces of software that can design parts of many shapes and sizes.

Computer Aided Manufacturing / Machining (CAM)

Also known as CAM, Computer Aided Manufacture software is used to control tools during the manufacture of CAD designs, converting the designs into a language CNC machines can understand.

CNC Machining

CNC stands for Computer Numerical Control. Put simply, it is a form of subtractive manufacturing to produce parts and components made from materials like metal, alloy and engineering plastics.

CNC Milling

CNC milling is a process that represents drilling and cutting within CNC machining. Milling employs a cylindrical blade at a high speed in order to accurately drill and cut intricate shapes.

CNC Turning

Like CNC milling, CNC turning is a process that allows for intricate cutting within CNC machining. The turning process rotates pieces in order to accurately cut them.

Depth of cut

Depth of cut refers to the amount of material that is being removed from a workpiece.

End Mill

The end mill is a type of cutter used in CNC machining. This typically includes standard, ball nose and double-ended cutters.

File types

Parts are modelled in a primary CAD programme (CREO, Solidworks, Catia etc). These programmes can export the information required to manufacture in a file format that can be used by various CAM software. STEP files are the most commonly used (.step .stp) IGES files can also be used (.iges .igs).

Tolerance

A tolerance is a given deviation or specification on a specific dimension. There are many factors that influence a tolerance for example; material, temperature, machining strategy.

Thread Mill

Thread mill is another type of cutter used in CNC machining. The thread mill is used to produce internal and external threads for projects.

X-axis

The X-axis refers to the left-right, horizontal axis that is designed to hold an object in place.

Y-axis

The Y-axis refers to the forward and back axis that is at a right angle to the X-axis.

Z-axis

The Z-axis is the vertical (depth) axis that is perpendicular to the X and Y axes. This is associated with the primary spindle of the CNC machine.

Quality CNC machining with Prototype Projects

If you have any further questions about CNC machining and the terminology associated with it, contact us today.

When it comes to high-quality CNC machining, our expert team is on-hand to help you turn your 3D CAD files into working parts and materials. Request a free quote to get started or call us directly on 01763 249760.